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中国非遗-汝窑 Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage - Ru Kiln
中国非遗-汝窑 Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage - Ru Kiln
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中国宋代五大名窑之首,以天青釉色闻名,被誉为“瓷中之魁”,现存传世品不足百件,南宋文献称“汝窑为魁”。
Ru Kiln, the foremost of China’s Five Great Song Kilns, is renowned for its celadon glaze. With fewer than 100 extant pieces, it is hailed as “the finest of kilns” in historical records.
一、历史脉络 | I. Historical Context
北宋官窑:汝窑专为宋徽宗宫廷烧制御用瓷器,其天青釉灵感源自“雨过天青云破处”的诗意想象。
Commissioned by Emperor Huizong, its sky-blue glaze was inspired by the poetic metaphor of “the sky clearing after rain”.
技艺中断:靖康之变后窑火熄灭,直至20世纪才逐步复烧。
Production ceased after the Jingkang Incident (1127), with revival efforts beginning in the 20th century.
二、技艺特色 | II. Artistic Techniques
玛瑙入釉:釉面呈现“青如天、面如玉”的质感,釉色含玛瑙结晶,需精准控制窑位与火候。
Agate-infused glaze creates jade-like surfaces, requiring precise firing techniques.
七十二道工序:传统柴烧需消耗6吨木柴,器底支钉痕细如芝麻,成品率极低。
A 72-step process includes wood-firing (6 tons fuel) and delicate foot-nail marks, with minimal success rate.
三、文化价值 | III. Cultural Significance
非遗地位:2011年汝瓷烧制技艺入选中国国家级非遗名录。
Recognized as China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2011.
宫廷珍宝:乾隆帝曾题诗赞誉其釉色,历代皇室视若珍宝。
Qianlong Emperor praised its glaze in poetry, reflecting imperial reverence across dynasties.
四、拍卖记录 | IV. Auction Records
北宋 汝窑天青釉“鼠纹”平底洗
2025年香港中信国际春拍
成交价:4.166亿人民币(约合5800万美元)
亮点:
① 底部"奉华"款识印证宫廷精选身份
② 牛津热释光检测确认烧制于宋元祐年间
③ 首次发现"鼠纹"孤品,窑址仅见"衔芝鹿纹"
Ru Celadon 'Mouse Motif' Brush Washer
CITIC HK 2025 - ¥416.6M, sole extant piece with unique rodent motif
北宋 汝窑天青釉海棠口双龙耳尊
2022年北京保利秋拍
成交价:1.8亿人民币(约合2650万美元)
学术价值:唯一完整海棠口双龙耳器型,釉面含玛瑙结晶
Ru Lobed Vase with Dragon Handles
Poly Auction 2022 - ¥180M, unparalleled shape with agate-infused glaze
宋 汝窑兽面五足洗
2016年澳门中信春拍
成交价:1.127亿港币(约合1450万美元)
特点:五足造型象征五行,釉面冰裂开片达七层
Ru Five-Legged Censer
Macau CITIC 2016 - HK$112.7M, layered crackle pattern representing cosmic order
北宋 汝窑天青釉茶盏
2018年东京中央拍卖
成交价:5635万港币(约合720万美元)
备注:日本传世唯一盏形汝瓷,金漆修复工艺
Ru Tea Bowl with Gold Lacquer
Tokyo Chuo 2018 - HK$56.35M, exemplar of traditional kintsugi restoration
汝窑拍卖TOP5(截至2025年5月):
2025鼠纹洗(¥4.166亿)
2017天青釉洗(HK$2.94亿)
2012葵花洗(HK$2.08亿)
2022海棠口双龙耳尊(¥1.8亿)
2016兽面五足洗(HK$1.127亿)
结语 | Epilogue
汝窑以极简美学与匠心工艺,成为中华文明的符号性遗产。其千年传承与稀世价值,在历史长河中历久弥新。
Ru Kiln’s minimalist aesthetics and technical mastery embody China’s ceramic heritage. Its rarity and timeless artistry continue to captivate the world.
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