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Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage: Guigong Ball (Demon's Work Ball) 中国非物质文化遗产:鬼工球
Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage: Guigong Ball (Demon's Work Ball) 中国非物质文化遗产:鬼工球
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Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage: Guigong Ball (Demon's Work Ball)
中国非物质文化遗产:鬼工球
Core Definition / 核心定义
Technical Name: Ivory Carved Concentric Balls (now using alternative materials)
学名: 象牙套球/同心球(现常用其他材质)
Common Name: Guigong Qiu (Demon's Work Ball)
俗称: 鬼工球
Essence: A multi-layered hollow concentric sphere carved from a single block of material (traditionally ivory, now jade, mammoth ivory, or bone).
本质: 用整块材料雕刻而成的多层镂空同心球体。
Key Craft: The pinnacle of openwork carving, especially "concentric sphere layering technique."
核心工艺: 镂空雕刻技艺的极致体现,尤以“同心球分层雕刻技术”为核心。
Key Features / 核心特点
Single-Material Carving: All layers derive from one solid block.
整料雕琢: 所有球层来自同一块实心材料。
Concentric Nesting: Independent layers connected only at the core.
层层嵌套: 球层仅在最内层球心处连接。
Independent Rotation: Each layer spins freely.
独立转动: 每层球体可独立旋转。
Extreme Openwork: Intricate patterns with more voids than solid areas.
极致镂空: 玲珑剔透的图案,空隙多于实体。
Blind Carving: Inner layers carved by touch through tiny holes.
盲雕技艺: 通过狭小孔洞凭手感雕刻内层。
World Record: Up to 57 layers achieved (Guangzhou artisans).
层数纪录: 目前最高达57层(广州传承人制作)。
History & Legacy / 历史传承
Origin: Song Dynasty prototypes, perfected in Qing Dynasty (18th c.).
起源: 宋代雏形,清代(18世纪)鼎盛。
Epicenter: Guangzhou ivory carving, especially the Weng family.
核心传承地: 广东广州牙雕(翁氏家族)。
UNESCO Status: National ICH (2006).
非遗地位: 国家级非遗(2006年列入)。
Making Process / 制作工艺
Material Selection: Ivory (historically), now mammoth ivory/bone.
选材: 传统用象牙,现用猛犸象牙/牛骨。
Precision Drilling: Holes drilled along calculated axes.
定心钻孔: 沿精确轴线钻孔。
Layer Separation: Curved tools detach layers inward.
分层切割: 特制弯刀逐层分离球体。
Blind Sculpting: Outer-to-inner carving via existing voids.
逐层镂雕: 通过外层孔洞向内盲雕。
Finishing: Polishing each layer individually.
打磨抛光: 逐层精细抛光。
Cultural Significance / 文化价值
Symbolism: Spheres represent harmony; rotation implies cosmic cycles.
文化象征: 圆球喻和谐,转动寓生生不息。
Philosophy: Embodies "unity within complexity" (圆融通达).
哲学思想: 体现“复杂中的统一”东方哲学。
Modern Challenges / 现状挑战
Material Ban: Ivory prohibition requires alternative materials.
材料限制: 象牙禁令迫使使用替代材料。
Endangered Craft: Few apprentices due to 10+ years mastery required.
传承困境: 习艺超十年,后继乏人。
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