东方道器
中国非遗-团扇 Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage - Tuan Fan
中国非遗-团扇 Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage - Tuan Fan
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项目名称: 制扇技艺(苏扇、杭扇等)
Fan Making Craft (Suzhou/Hangzhou Styles)
列入时间: 2006年(首批扩展项目)
Listed: 2006 (First Batch Extension)
核心流派: 苏州绢宫扇、杭州王星记扇
Key Schools: Suzhou Silk Fans, Hangzhou Wangxingji Fans
何为团扇? | What is Tuánshàn?
圆形或花瓣形手柄扇,以竹为骨、绢罗为面
Handheld circular fan with bamboo frame & silk face
"裁为合欢扇,团团似明月" — 汉代《怨歌行》
"Cut as round as the full moon, a token of joy" — Han Dynasty Poem
三绝工艺 | Triple-Excellence Craftsmanship
工艺环节 精髓体现 英文释义
扇骨 竹材蒸煮定型,雕镂空透 Bambo frame: Steamed & carved with openwork
扇面 绫罗缂丝,工笔彩绘/刺绣 Silk face: Kesi tapestry or painting/embroidery
扇柄 镶嵌玉石/玳瑁,流苏坠饰 Handle: Inlaid jade/tortoiseshell with tassels
经典流派对比
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1. 苏扇(江苏)
- 特点:文人书画+缂丝烫金
- *Scholar’s paintings + Gold-stamped Kesi silk*
2. 杭扇(浙江)
- 特点:黑纸檀香扇+砂金绘
- *Sandalwood fan with gold-painted patterns*
文化符号 | Cultural Symbols
以扇喻德
圆形象征"天圆地方"的宇宙观
Round shape reflects cosmic harmony
文人精神
扇面诗书画"三绝合一"(如唐伯虎题扇)
Integration of poetry/calligraphy/painting
礼仪载体
古代女子"掩扇礼"示端庄
Used in rituals like "veiling ceremony"
非遗传承 | Heritage Preservation
濒危挑战
百道工序中30+项濒临失传(如生丝拉花)
*30+ techniques endangered (e.g. raw-silk carving)*
创新案例
故宫文创:3D立体缂丝灯扇
*Forbidden City文创: 3D Kesi lantern-fan*
国际秀场:劳伦斯·许敦煌团扇礼服
Fashion shows: Laurence Xu's Dunhuang-inspired gown
团扇 vs 折扇 | Tuánshàn vs Zhéshàn
特征 团扇 折扇
起源 西汉 (2000年+) 北宋 (1000年+)
结构 固定圆形面 折叠开合
功能 闺阁礼仪/艺术收藏 文人随身/书画载体
国际别称 "Moon Fan" (西方) "Folding Fan" (全球通用)
结语 | Conclusion
一方团扇,摇动中国千年的风雅
A Tuánshàn sways with millennia of Chinese elegance
从仕女指尖到巴黎橱窗,非遗正破圈重生
From ancient courtyards to modern runways, heritage reinvents itself
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